The term quality circles was most accessibly defined by Professor Kaoru Ishikawa in his 1985 handbook, "What is Total Quality Control? The Japanese Way" and circulated throughout Japanese industry by the Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers in 1960. Typical topics for the attention of quality circles are improving occupational safety and health, improving product design, and improvement in the workplace and manufacturing processes. Quality circles were at their most popular during the 1980s, but continue to exist in the form of Kaizen groups and similar worker participation schemes. Normally small in size, the group is usually led by a supervisor or manager and presents its solutions to management where possible, workers implement the solutions themselves in order to improve the performance of the organization and motivate employees. It consists of minimum three and maximum twelve members in number. Group of workers that analyzes and solves work-related problemsĪ quality circle or quality control circle is a group of workers who do the same or similar work, who meet regularly to identify, analyze and solve work-related problems.
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